In [ ]:
a = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
s = [0]
for i in range(1, len(a)):
    s.append(s[-1] + a[i])
s
Out[ ]:
[0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45]
In [ ]:
sum(a[1:5]) == s[4] - s[0]
Out[ ]:
True
In [ ]:
d = []
for i in range(1, len(a)):
    d.append(a[i] - a[i - 1])
d
Out[ ]:
[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
In [ ]:
sum(d[1:5]) == a[4]
Out[ ]:
True
In [ ]:
d = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
d[2], d[5] = d[2] + 1, d[5] - 1
d[4], d[7] = d[4] + 1, d[7] - 1
s = [0]
for i in range(1, len(d)):
    s.append(s[-1] + d[i])
s
Out[ ]:
[0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0]